Acceleration of vegetation dynamics in hydrologically connected wetlands caused by dam operation     

Lilin Zheng  Jinying Xu  Dandan Wang  Guoyu Xu  Zhiqiang Tan  Ligang Xu  Xiaolong Wang 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14026

The dynamic responses of wetlands to upstream water conservancy projects are becoming increasingly crucial for watershed management. Poyang Lake is a dynamic wetland system of critical ecological importance and connected with the Yangtze river. However, in the context of disturbed water regime in Poyang Lake resulting from human activities and climate change, the responses of vegetation dynamics to the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) have not been investigated. We addressed this knowledge gap by using daily water level data and Landsat images from 1987 to 2018. Landsat images were acquired between October and December to ensure similar phenological conditions. Object-oriented Artificial Neural Network Regression for wetland classification was developed based on abundant training and validation samples. Interactions between vegetation coverage and water regimes pre and post the operation of the TGD were compared using classification and regression trees and the random forest model. Since the implementation of the TGD in 2003, Poyang Lake has become drier, especially during the dry season. A more rapid plant growth rate was observed post TGD (44.74 km² year⁻¹) compared to that of the entire study period (12.9 km² year⁻¹). Average water level for the antecedent 20 days most significantly affected vegetation before 2003, whereas average water level for the antecedent 5 or 10 days was more important after 2003. The impoundment of the TGD after the flood season accelerated the drawdown processes of Poyang Lake, and the rapidly exposed wetlands accelerated vegetation expansion during the dry seasons, resulting in shrinkage and degradation of the lake area. This study deepens our knowledge of the influences of newly developed dams on lakes and rivers.  相似文献   

Local level rainfall and temperature variability in drought-prone districts of rural Sidama,central rift valley region of Ethiopia     

Tafesse Matewos  Tewodros Tefera 《自然地理学》2020,41(1):36-53

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to examine local level spatiotemporal rainfall and temperature variability in drought-prone districts of rural Sidama, Central Rift Valley region of Ethiopia. The study used 129 gridded monthly rainfall and temperature data of 32 years (1983–2014). The gridded rainfall and temperature records were encoded into GIS software and evaluated through different statistical and geospatial techniques. Mann-Kendal rank test and F distribution tests were used to test temporal and spatial statistical significance, respectively, of the data. The analysis revealed that Belg and Kiremt are the main rainfall seasons, constituting 81% of the annual rainfall. Although annual, Kiremt, and Belg rainfall amounts appear to have decreased over time, the decreasing trend is statistically significant only for Belg rainfall records. On the other hand, rainfall standard anomaly results indicated seven droughts of different magnitudes: one extreme, two severe, and four moderate. The study also revealed increasing temperature trends over the years under consideration that are statistically significant. The findings of this study on rainfall contradict other findings obtained around the study area. Thus, climate change adaptations need to focus on location-specific climate data analysis so that the intended adaptive interventions can be successful.  相似文献   

黑龙江省兴凯湖平原土壤pH值时空变化特征分析     

杨泽  刘国栋  戴慧敏  张一鹤  许江  肖红叶 《地质与资源》2020,29(6):614-620

土壤酸碱度是影响土壤化学和生物学性质的一个重要因素，会对土地生产力产生重要影响.为掌握兴凯湖平原土壤pH值近年来变化状况，采用空间统计方法，基于全国第二次土壤普查及2019年土壤pH值数据，对工作区近30年土壤pH值时空变化特征进行了分析.结果表明：兴凯湖平原土壤pH值总体呈下降趋势，但整体上土壤pH值变幅不大，主要集中在±0.5～±1区间.从土地利用类型上来看，兴凯湖平原耕地区土壤pH值均呈下降趋势，西部的林地区pH值整体保持不变或略有上升.在兴凯湖平原4种主要土壤类型中，除暗棕壤外，其他3类土壤在近30年间pH平均值均呈下降趋势.因此需要对工作区土壤pH值变化的原因进行多因素、定量分析，以进一步明确具体原因.  相似文献   

Mineralogy,Fluid Inclusion,and Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Studies of the Intrusion‐Related Yangla Cu Deposit in the Sanjiang Region,SW China: Implications for Metallogenesis and Deposit Type     

Li‐Juan Du  Bo Li  Zhi‐Long Huang  Jun Chen  Jia‐Xi Zhou  Guo‐Fu Zou  Zai‐Fei Yan 《Resource Geology》2020,70(1):28-49

The Yangla deposit is an intrusion‐related Cu deposit in the Jinshajiang tectonic belt (eastern Sanjiang region, SW China). Despite extensive studies that have been conducted on this deposit, the relationship between the granitic magma and Cu mineralization is still unclear, and hence, the genesis is debated. To answer this question, we conducted an integrated study of mineralogy, fluid inclusions (FIs), and hydrogen and oxygen (H‐O) isotopes. Three mineralization stages were identified based on the ore textures, alteration zonation, and crosscutting relationships: (i) pre‐ore prograde skarn (stage I), with the garnet and pyroxene dominated by andradite and diopside, respectively; (ii) syn‐ore retrograde alteration (stage II), which is subdivided into the early syn‐ore stage (stage IIa) marked by retrograde hydrated mineral assemblages and significant Fe‐Cu‐Mo‐Pb‐Zn sulfide mineralization, and the late syn‐ore stage (stage IIb) featured by quartz‐calcite veins; and (iii) late supergene mineralization (stage III), which is characterized by secondary azurite and malachite. These results of mineralogy, FIs, and H‐O isotopes indicate that: (i) Cu mineralization has a close temporal, spatial, and genetic relationship with skarn alteration; (ii) the ore fluids were magmatic dominated with late‐stage meteoric water incursion; and (iii) Type‐S (halite‐bearing) and Type‐V (vapor‐rich) FIs coexisted in garnet and clinopyroxene of stage I, indicating that fluid boiling might have occurred during this stage. From stage I to stage IIa, the FI type transformed from Type‐S + Type‐V + Type‐L (liquid‐rich) to Type‐V + Type‐L with the conduct of mineralization and was accompanied by the disappearance of Type‐S, and homogenization temperature and salinity also tended to decrease dramatically, which may be caused by the deposition of skarn minerals. At stage IIa, boiling of the ore fluids still continued due to the change from lithostatic to hydrostatic pressure, which triggered the precipitation of abundant quartz‐Cu‐Mo‐Fe sulfides. Furthermore, fluid mixing between a high‐temperature magmatic fluid and a low‐temperature meteoric water might cause a considerable drop in temperature and the deposition of Cu‐bearing quartz/calcite veins during stage IIb. Hence, we consider the Yangla deposit to be of a skarn type, genetically related to the Mesozoic magmatism in the Sanjiang region.  相似文献   

蒸发波导对GNSS海面反射信号有效散射区域的影响          下载免费PDF全文

刘黎军  夏俊明  白伟华  孙越强  杜起飞  骆黎明 《地球物理学报》2019,62(2):499-507

蒸发波导在海洋低空的发生概率高达90%,对舰船雷达、通信等电磁系统具有重要影响.为了分析利用GNSS卫星海面反射信号的时延-相关功率波形反演蒸发波导的可行性,本文提出了GNSS卫星海面反射信号的有效散射区域的概念,并将有效散射区域内的GNSS反射信号区分为GNSS标准反射信号和GNSS波导反射信号;然后,利用射线追踪方法,仿真分析了GNSS卫星海面反射信号的有效散射区域大小对蒸发波导的关键参数——波导高度的敏感性,并分析了在时延-相关功率波形上利用反射信号的传播时延将二者分离开的可行性.结果表明,GNSS卫星海面反射信号的有效散射区域对蒸发波导高度非常敏感,对于2～25m高的GNSS反射信号接收天线,当蒸发波导的高度由0m增加至20m时,GNSS反射信号有效散射区域半径的均值可由约14km迅速扩展至约160km;采用高度角足够大的GNSS卫星可以将有效散射区内的GNSS标准反射信号与GNSS波导反射信号在时延-相关功率波形上分离开.  相似文献   

基于区域水准和跨断层资料分析云南地区地壳形变     

徐东卓  苏广利  王世进  朱传宝  孙非非 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(1):118-128

为了获取云南地区现今地壳形变和断层活动特征，收集了云南地区1992—2016年的2期精密水准观测资料，采用基于GNSS连续站垂直形变资料约束的平差方法，对区域整体地壳垂直形变特征进行了分析，结果显示滇西北区域地壳整体表现为隆升，垂向速率为2—3mm/a，滇南区域显示地壳沉降速率为-1—-2mm/a，并在下关—永胜和思茅—景谷一带存在地壳形变高梯度带。收集了该地区30多年的跨断层场地观测资料，计算了所跨断层的三维活动量，得出了断层现今活动状态和异常特征，认为滇西北和滇中南地区的场地多数表现出异常活动的现象，其中楚雄、剑川和永胜的监测断层现今表现出与地质背景相反的走滑和拉张特征，峨山、建水和通海场地所处断层在张压性质上与地质背景相反。结合区域水准和跨断层观测分析结果，从“面”和“线”上得出滇西北和滇中南地区存在地壳形变和断层活动异常，构造应力积累较高的结果，加之缺震背景显著，认为应关注该区域中强地震的危险性。  相似文献   

单纯形定位方法在新疆数字地震台网的测定精度分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张志斌  金花  王晓飞 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(1):200-209

地震定位是地震学中最基本的问题之一，现阶段大部分采用基于走时的方法。单纯形定位方法作为一种直接搜索类的方法，在新疆测震台网日常地震目录产出中发挥了重要作用。本文采用数值模拟的方法，利用新疆测震台网现有布局，结合“3400”走时表，分析单纯形定位方法在新疆测震台网的测定精度。研究表明，对于新疆测震台网网内浅源地震，单纯形定位方法能够得出较为精确的震中位置，而得出的网外地震震中位置存在一定偏差；初至折射波对震源深度有一定的控制能力，速度模型的准确性对震源深度和发震时刻的测定影响较大。  相似文献   

新疆北天山中东段呼图壁地区震源深度的重新测定   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李艳永  唐明帅  乌尼尔 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(2):352-362

联合Hyposat法、PTD法和gCAP矩张量反演法，重新测定新疆北天山中东段呼图壁地区2010—2017年502个地震的震源深度，并对震源深度剖面进行初步分析。结果表明，重新测定的震源深度优势分布为15—20km，平均震源深度为16km，呼图壁M_S 6.2地震的震源深度为20km；研究区南部和中部的震源深度集中分布在20km左右，与北天山壳内低速体的层位相当，可能是上地壳和下地壳之间的韧性剪切带存在的部位，起到滑脱层的作用，研究区北部的震源深度则向浅部扩展；呼图壁M_S 6.2地震的发震断裂可能在清水河子断裂下方的1条隐伏反冲断层上，可能是霍尔果斯断裂向前沿断坡冲断受阻而在相反方向上发育分支反冲断层的结果。  相似文献   

Research on the Optimization of Capital for the Governance of Bulk Coal in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region     

DU Xiaolin  FENG Xiangzhao  ZHAO Mengxue  WANG Min 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(1):48-55

Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei each contributed to the comprehensive governance of bulk coal to treat bulk coal pollution in a mutually beneficial way in 2017. The cooperative game theory is used in this paper to study the environmental benefits and cost effectiveness brought about by this comprehensive governance strategy, primarily focusing on the issue of how to maximize the environmental benefits by choosing an appropriate strategy since the benefits to Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei are closely related. Therefore, the linear optimization, game theory and Shapley value method in the cooperative game model are used to find the ways to minimize the total governance cost of bulk coal in the three areas. In addition, the issues of how to carry out rational distribution and transfer of governance capital among the three places are explored according to the actual amounts of consumption of bulk coal, the influence of the coal burning on the PM_2.5 and the actual cost of coal governance in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei in 2017. The results show that the governance task in Hebei Province is the most onerous, and requires more investment than the other two cities. Thus, it requires the support from other two cities, with the amount of increased capital required of about 600 million Yuan. At the same time, the cost saved after optimization in Tianjin is calculated to be the largest, which thus can be adjusted appropriately and allocated to Hebei for the governance of bulk coal. The model constructed in this paper can not only be used to solve the issues related to bulk coal consumption in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, but also to carry out the effective distribution of capital, by which a win-win scenario among the three places can be achieved.  相似文献   

Farmer-based Rice Cropping Systems in the Poyang Lake Region,China: Analysis of Characteristics and Policy Implications     

Khampheng BOUDMYXAY  LI Peng  XIAO Chiwei  SHEN Lei  ZHONG Shuai 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(3):256-264

This paper examines the spatial characteristics of farmer/household behaviors in regional rice cropping systems (RCS), and the results provide necessary information for developing strategies that will maintain regional food security. Through field study and statistical analysis based on 402 households questionnaires finished in 2014-2015 in the Poyang Lake Region (PLR) of China, we arrived at two main conclusions. First, single- and double cropping rice were found across the study area, but showed a general distribution trend, with double cropping rice in the southeast part (especially in Jinxian county) and single cropping rice in the northwest (particularly in De’an county). Second, the household decisions concerning RCS varied in different parts of the PLR, but double cropping was the dominant type, with about 63.57% of the respondent households in the PLR cultivating double cropping rice. However, the multiple-cropping index of paddy rice was only 1.55. About 3% of interviewed households had altered their RCS during this period. Based on these findings, the local governments should guide farmers’ paddy field cultivation behaviors by increasing the comparative efficiency of rice production, promoting appropriate scale operations and land conversion, as well as optimizing rice growing conditions to improve the multiple cropping index and enhance food provision. Finally, land-use efficiency and more sustainable use of land resources should be improved.  相似文献